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COMMON WARTHOG

Scientific name: Phacochoerus africanus
Sub-species:  Central African warthog (P. a. massaicus)
Weight:  120-250 lbs
Size: 2-2.7 ft
Life span: 7 to 11 years in the wild
Habitat: Open plains and light woodlands
Playable by: Newbies, Members, and Seniors
Aggression level: Low/Medium
Predators: African lion, African leopard, African Cheetah, Spotted hyena, Painted wolf, and Nile crocodile.
Predators of the young: African rock python, Black-Backed Jackal, and Martial eagle

Basic behavior:

- The Common Warthog is one of the only pigs that are well adapted for grazing in savanna habitats. These cautious yet confident pigs can be seen grazing  during the wet season, however, they will root perennial grasses and sedges while resting on their calloused knees with their tough snouts. During times of food scarcity, Warthogs will scavenge off of carrion to fill their bellies. Common Warthogs are diurnal with individuals returning to abandoned Aardvark burrows before dark and rising in the early mornings to graze before the afternoon sun grows too hot. Warthogs will establish home ranges that are occupied by a familial sounder. Warthogs tend to graze between irregular resting and sleeping periods throughout the day. To cope with high temperatures, they will wallow in mud or water while sounders and bachelor groups will huddle together in their burrows during cool evenings. 

- Common Warthogs live in simple social groups that are mostly dictated by familial relations. There are 3 main social structures:

 

1. Sounders consists of a sow and her yearly young, however, two or more sows with assorted offspring up to 2 years old can also occur. The bond between a mature female and her mother can be stable and continue throughout breeding cycles. Sounders may include up to 16 hogs including offspring, however they typically number 5 or less. Females will usually reside in their birth sounder unless pregnant. As competition for breeding opportunities arises, males and sometimes females will leave their natal sounder but will usually remain in their sounder’s home range.When members are been separated their greet each other with nose to nose contact and short grunts, they also during the day groom each other much like antelopes and equids to reinforce social bonds.

2. Once boars grow into young adults, bachelor groups of sub-adult males can also form, often consisting of related brothers and unrelated males. This bachelor group of young males will usually stay within their mother’s home range but can leave if they desire. Once growing into adult males, mature boars will lead solitary lives. A mature boar will only accompany sounders containing females in estrous. 

3. Once growing into adult males, mature boars will lead solitary lives. A mature boar will only accompany sounders containing females in estrous and will only join other warthogs in that instance.

-  Warthogs are seasonal breeders with rutting beginning at the end of the rains of wet season or early in the dry season and farrowing near the beginning of the following wet season. During the rut, mature boars will search for estrous females by visiting burrows and waiting for them to emerge or tracking them as they graze during the day. A boar will strut to show his dominance while following estrous females closely. A boar will make clacking noises while resting his chin on her. 

- Warthogs are quite alert and when they spot a predator they usually look at it while alarming other warthogs. When facing a less threatening predator like lone/pairs of hyenas, cheetahs or 
jackals, warthogs will trot and emit low grunts followed by mock charging or charging to launch an attack. When it comes to packs of painted wolves, 3+ hyenas, lions and leopards, the warthogs will flee and resort to standing their ground as a last resort, adult warthogs will flee to their nearest burrow and back into the hole haunches first, enabling them to use their tusks against an enemy if needed. Warthogs will change their sleeping burrows frequently to avoid predators, migrating around their home range to other known burrows.
Since adult and groups of warthogs have many enemies among predators, they do not miss the chance to assert themselves on cheetahs and chase them away not only from resting places but also from a kill to feast on their well-earned meal. The warthogs will walk cautiously toward the cheetahs, occasionally stopping when they get closer and closer which will result in them hissing, which will cause one to charge back and scatter the cheetah(s) away. If the warthogs are not really starving they will not persist a lot in removing the cheetahs if they are persistent themselves and will run away if the cheetahs start gaining on them. 

-  Warthogs are quite tolerant of other animals and can be frequently seen around zebras, topi, wildebeest, etc. However, these curious hogs have a tendency of overstepping their boundaries and so it is not uncommon to see a Warthog being struck or warded away from another animal. Warthogs also have a special relationship with banded mongoose allowing groups of them to act much like tick birds and clean them while resting, the warthogs won't actively seek the mongoose out but will rest as indication for mongoose to come and clean them.

Physical characteristics:

Their coat is sparse, which is usually black or brown. The head is large, with a mane that goes down the spine to the middle of the back. Tails are long and end with a tuft of hair. They are wild members of the pig family that come with tusks protruding from the mouth. 

COMMON WARTHOG CONSERVATION STATUS
 

conservation status Least concern.png

LEAST CONCERN

Warthogs are killed for raiding wheat, rice, beans, or groundnut fields. In some agricultural areas, people are also eliminating this species, as they can potentially carry African swine fever.

Male Roles/Reactions:

- After reaching adulthood, boars will lead solitary lives and travel from home range to home range in search of estrous females. During the rut, boars will spare and fight one another to gain breeding rights.

- Males don't take any part in taking care for their youngsters.

Interspecific competition: Thomson's gazelle, Wildebeest and Impala
Calls and Emotes meaning:
1. Explosive grunts used during greeting ceremonies
2. Alert stance done when a warthog has spotted a predator

Female Roles/Reactions:

- Females Warthogs will live in their natal home ranges for almost all their lives. As Sounders are made up of familial relations between mothers, daughters, sisters, etc, it is not uncommon to see multiple generations of warthogs within a tightly-knit sounder.

 

- Once pregnant, female Warthogs will separate from their families to farrow in a secluded burrow before returning to their Sounders once the piglets are old enough to keep up.

- Warthog mothers are very protective of their offspring and will chase off most predators who get close to their pigelts, that includes, lone hyenas, small packs of painted wolves, young male and female leopards, black backed jackals, Martial eagle, Tawny eagles, lone cheetahs and pairs of them. When outmatched the mother will flee and abandon her piglet to the predator.

Juvenile Roles/Reactions:

-  Newborn piglets will strictly grow and rest within their mother’s burrow. Once juveniles, piglets will follow their mothers in single file lines during grazing expeditions.

 

- When encountering threats, piglets will race head first into the nearest burrow and huddle together until their mother allows them out.
 

WROTE BY ALLSO

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