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PAINTED WOLF

Basic behavior:

- Painted wolves are specialized as a pack hunter predator, targeting mostly antelopes as the main source of food ranging from Thomson's gazelle as the main prey item to Plains zebras on rare occasions. However, during migration periods, they will target wildebeest calves on the annual birth peak (February - March). It's also one of the most exclusive carnivores out there only eating antelopes and a small group of ungulate species even rarely consuming carrion and will only do so in desperate times, however, it is worth noting that will readily try to steal from other carnivores if the kill is relatively fresh. These animals are most active during the day, while almost completely inactive at night time, peak activity varies, having them being active in mornings and start of the afternoon and resting during midday and after dark preferably looking for wet or shaded spots during hot days and looking for thickets at night. It is worth noting that if night happens to be very bright that day, the pack will move and hunt as if it were daytime.

- Painted wolves are diurnal social and cooperative pack hunters, consisting of a breeding pair and non-breeding adults that assist in hunting and provisioning of a single litter of pups at a time. This tactic of survival will require the non-breeding adults as an essential part of raising the pups to maturity on a period of about a year, making painted wolves one the most efficient and successful carnivores in Africa. Their territories vary greatly in size depending on the availability of prey and they generally do not defend their territories from other packs, in fact,  these can overlap from 10% to 80%. However, it is worth noting packs are still aggressive towards each other and generally the larger pack will chase off the smaller one, which can lead to a loss of territory if one pack decides to take it.

- Painted wolves do have a gender-divided hierarchy in their packs, having the top of the separate hierarchy being one of the breeding pair individuals, this pecking order is defined by who can look the more submissive. Whenever pack members reunite or leave a period of inactivity, they will display active submissive behaviors, and members that have recently eaten may disgorge food during these scenes or share pieces of meat from a kill by having one individual begging to have it. To assert dominance members lower their heads much like when approaching prey, having it slowly move towards the individual targeted, meaning during these actively social scenes alphas will remain neutral to the entire group occasionally engaging in some licking and curling of the tail. If two individuals can't determine who is higher in the hierarchy both wolves will fight, rearing up until one falls to the ground and remains still and shrieks in defeat. Injured individuals will not be abandoned as most animals would but are actually helped and brought food if needed, however, they'll need to keep up with the pack and cannot expect pack members to return to their resting spot.

- Painted wolf packs can be founded, in the following ways. Lone females or sisters of the same natal pack will emigrate out of their packaging once they locate a band of marauding males near their general area during the rainy season (
Otherwise they will not leave), males will leave their natal pack as well but never alone (3+ littermates at least to do so). Once located the females will try to find the male group,  the female(s) start to socialize with every male until the most dominant one chases away the other subordinate males and selects one or one of the females which will then trigger the females to fight for his attention amongst each other. Once the breeding female is established, both mates will scent mark together and fully establish themselves as a breeding pair.  

- Painted wolves do exhibit a preferred birthing season generally happening in the wet season (March-June.) When in heat the alpha male will remain by his partner's side chasing away any member who comes too close to her side and wherever she goes, he follows, occasionally resting his chin on her backside. The alpha female will locate and create a den site by excavating old burrows from warthogs, hyenas, and aardvarks. Once established the female will remain in the den preventing every member from entering it, until the pups are old enough to eat solid food that the pack will bring to them and her and occasionally changing den site location. Once the pups reach the juvenile stage the pack will leave the den site and may come back to it once the female is expecting again.

- Painted wolves are the second most successful carnivore in Africa on a hunting success rate right after cheetahs. So successful in fact that they can kill two times a day (
Breakfast and dinner times). Much like hyenas, painted wolves test multiple groups of herbivores before selecting a target and generally target unfit ones obviously. Once located, they will slowly sneak up on prey as a unit with their ears flat, head and tail down, when suddenly all of them start cantering towards it (Doesn't matter if prey spotted you already).  Painted wolves will try to conserve their energy as much as possible by having a lead dog in front while having the rest of the pack loosely following behind, once the lead dogs tire the next dogs in line takes their place. This will lead the prey to slow down allowing the dog to bite and hold to subdue the prey to the ground, start eating it alive and sharing it peacefully. 
It is worth noting that different prey will force the dogs to adopt different strategies of pursuit hunting. Zebras will generally canter leading the dogs to canter as well, but if it or any prey decides to stand its ground the dogs will have to try and panic it again for it to run again or having dogs distract it by the front and others biting it from the back. While antelopes will generally sprint having the dogs just do their normal chasing pursuit strategies.

- Painted wolves do face a lot of competition as they are medium-sized carnivores, from Lions to Cheetahs. They do not fight adult lions, however, lone lionesses can be targetted by large packs. It is worth noting painted wolves can play dead when taken by big cats such as lions or leopards. Cheetahs and leopards generally do not put up much of a fight and will flee at the sight of a regular-sized pack. Hyenas almost being the dogs' nemesis and main competitor. Hyenas will wait and trail packs for a quick and easy meal and sometimes if the pack is small or not coordinated enough the pack may lose its quarry, however more often than not the pack chases the hyena off by circling or cornering and mobbing it. If a pack member is getting mobbed by a predator the pack will come to its rescue as long as said opponent isn't a large crocodile or an adult male lion.

- Like hyenas, painted wolves enjoy spending hot days in small pools or waterholes resting and playing in the water, unlike most carnivores if prey goes into deep water they can try and attack it in it though it is still risky and needs to be done with caution.

Scientific name: Lycaon pictus
Sub-species: East African painted wolf (L. p. Lupinus)
Weight: 55 to 70 lb
Size: 30 in. at the shoulder
Life span: 10 to 12 years in the wild
Habitat: Open plains and wooded grasslands
Playable by: Seniors
Aggression level: Medium/High
Predators: African lion, African cheetah, African leopard, Spotted hyena, and Nile crocodile.
Predators of the young: African rock python and Martial eagle.

Physical characteristics:

The African wild dog is the bulkiest and most solidly built of African canids. The fur of the African wild dog differs significantly from that of other canids, consisting entirely of stiff bristle-hairs with no underfur. It gradually loses its fur as it ages, with older specimens being almost naked. Color variation is extreme and may serve in visual identification. Some geographic variation is seen in coat color, with north-east African specimens tending to be predominantly black with small white and yellow patches, while southern African ones are more brightly coloured, sporting a mix of brown, black, and white coats.

Prey list:

1 resort: Thomson's gazelle, Impala, Grant's gazelle, Blue Wildebeest calf, Hartebeest calf, Topi foal, Dik-Dik, Savanna hare, Cape bushbuck, Gerenuk, Warthog piglet, and Black-Backed jackals.                     

Pack hunting 1 resort: Female Blue Wildebeest, Topi, Hartebeest, Plains Zebra foal, Warthog, Gerenuk, Eland's calf

Pack hunting 2 resort: Cape buffalo calf, Female Plains zebra, Female Eland, Beisa Oryx, and Waterbuck.

               
                            Pack hunting 1 resort requires 4 or + dogs and Pack hunting 2 resort requires 6 or + dogs









 

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Throughout Africa, wild dogs have been shot and poisoned by farmers who often blame them when a leopard or hyena kills livestock. The principal threat to this species is habitat fragmentation, which increases human-wildlife conflict and localized, small population extinction due to epidemic disease. Larger populations have a higher chance of recovery from such outbreaks. As human populations expand, leading to agriculture, settlements, and roads, wild dogs are losing the spaces in which they were once able to roam freely.

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ENDANGERED

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PAINTED WOLF CONSERVATION STATUS

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Male Roles/Reactions:

- Once they leave their natal pack in search of a breeding female, males become marauding males and depending on the size of their group they can target smaller packs to abduct a breeding female and kill the males in that pack. Once they fully establish themselves in a new pack with a breeding pair the males will no longer be marauding males unless their breeding females dies and there is no unrelated female replace her.

- If an alpha male is old or injured an unrelated male to the breeding female from the same pack can try and challenge his alpha to take his place. If the old alpha loses he can remain in the pack but will be a non-breeding adult in the pack.

- While the alpha female is at the den, taking care of the pups during their early stage. The alpha male will take care of most of the hunting and will be the member that usually leads the pack to go hunting.

- It is possible for a male to sire pups of his own in a pack with an unrelated female with breeding pair, however the alpha male will kill the pups one by one if found and will chase him off the den site.

Interspecific competition: African lion, African cheetah, African leopard, and Spotted hyena,

Call meaning:

1. Chirping is used by painted wolves when they are excited or stressed (Feeding, fighting, playing ...etc).

2. 
Barking is used by painted wolves to signal danger to members of the pack.

3. 
Sneezing is used by members of the pack to signal others that you are hungry and want to hunt, then other pack members will sneeze too if they also want to hunt. If you are a subordinate you will need most of the pack to sneeze but if you are an alpha you just need your mate to sneeze.

4. 
Howling is used by painted wolves to locate other members of the pack or by the alpha pair to advertise their presence to other packs. The animation can also be used as a crouch for prey and as a dominance display.

Female Roles/Reactions:

- Once established in a new pack, only one female can be in the breeding pair, therefore if she came with her sisters from her natal pack, they will most likely leave again to try and breed once they stumble upon another band marauding males during the rainy season, which will eventually lead to only have her being the only female in the pack excluding her daughters.

- Despite there being a breeding pair established, it not unheard of that females with the now established alpha female won't try to mate with either the alpha male or another unrelated male in the group. However the consequences can be fatal for the pups and the unofficial breeding female; the alpha female will try and kill the pups one by one if she finds them and her offsprings will always have a higher priority for the pack to bring food to. When it comes to the mother, the alpha female will chase her off the den site by being aggressive despite it being submissive.

PAINTED WOLF TERRITORY MAP

Juvenile Roles/Reactions:

- When an adult comes back to the den and brings food for the pups they will rush in at it and will start chirping and begging for the adult to give them the food. Pups are also extremely playful and will play most of the time with their siblings.

- When the pups are at their juvenile stage, they will be able to follow the adults and stop using den sites. Its also at this age that their mother will teach them how to hunt by letting them chase around prey like warthogs, impalas ...etc

territory_map wild dog.png

The Blue Area: This represents a territory in the western area englobing almost half the map, while also overlapping with the pink and red areas

The Red Area: This represents a territory in the south-western area englobing almost half the map, while also overlapping with the blue area

The Pink Area: This represents a territory in the eastern area englobing almost half the map, while also overlapping with the blue area

WROTE BY ENDERSHADOW

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